Iijenereyitha

Iijenereyitha zizixhobo eziguqula ezinye iindlela zamandla zibe ngamandla ombane. Ngowe-1832, indoda engumFrentshi uBixi yavelisa ijenereyitha.

Ijeneretha yenziwe ngerotor kunye nestator. I-rotor ibekwe kumbindi we-stator. Ibonisa izibonda zemagneti kwi-rotor ukuvelisa indawo yamagnetic. Njengoko i-prime mover iqhuba i-rotor ukuba ijikeleze, amandla omatshini adluliswa. Izibonda zemagnethi ze-rotor zijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-rotor, ebangela ukuba i-magnetic field idibane ne-stator winding. Olu nxulumano lubangela ukuba umhlaba wemagnethi unqumle kwiikhondaktha ze-stator winding, uvelise amandla ombane owenziweyo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela uguqula amandla oomatshini abe ngamandla ombane. Iijenereyitha zahlulwe zibe ziijenereyitha ze-DC kunye neejenereyitha ze-AC, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeshishini nezolimo, ukhuselo lwesizwe, isayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla.

Iiparamitha zesakhiwo

Iijeneretha zihlala ziquka i-stator, i-rotor, i-end caps kunye neebheringi.

I-stator iqulethe i-stator core, i-wire windings, isakhelo, kunye nezinye iindawo zesakhiwo ezilungisa ezi ndawo.

I-rotor iqulethe i-rotor core (okanye i-magnetic pole, i-magnetic choke) ejikelezayo, i-ring guard, i-ring centre, i-slip ring, i-fan kunye ne-rotor shaft kunye nezinye izinto.

I-stator kunye ne-rotor ye-generator idibaniswe kwaye ihlanganiswe ngeebheringi kunye neengqungquthela zokuphela, ukwenzela ukuba i-rotor ikwazi ukujikeleza kwi-stator kwaye yenze intshukumo yokusika imigca yamagnetic yamandla, ngaloo ndlela ivelise amandla ombane owenziweyo, okhokelwa ngaphandle kwee-terminals kwaye uqhagamshelwe kwisiphaluka, kwaye emva koko umbane wombane uveliswa.

Iimpawu eziSebenzayo

Ukusebenza kwejenereyitha ye-synchronous ibonakaliswe ikakhulu ngokungabikho komthwalo kunye neempawu zokusebenza komthwalo. Ezi mpawu ziziseko ezibalulekileyo kubasebenzisi ukukhetha iijeneretha.

Akukho mthwalo unobumba:Xa i-generator isebenza ngaphandle komthwalo, i-armature current i-zero, imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-open-circuit operation. Ngeli xesha, izigaba ezithathu zokujija i-motor stator kuphela i-no-load i-electromotive force E0 (i-symmetry yesigaba sesithathu) ibangelwa yi-excitation yangoku Ukuba, kunye nobukhulu bayo banda ngokunyuka kwe-If. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zimbini azilingani ngenxa yokuba i-motor magnetic circuit core igcwele. Igophe elibonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla e-electromotive engekho mthwalo we-E0 kunye ne-excitation yangoku Ukuba kuthiwa yimpawu yokungabikho komthwalo we-synchronous generator.

Impendulo yeArmature:Xa i-generator iqhagamshelwe kumthwalo olinganayo, inqanaba lesithathu langoku kwi-armature winding livelisa enye intsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-armature reaction field. Isantya salo silingana neso rotor, kwaye ezi zimbini zijikeleza ngokuhambelanayo.

Zombini i-Synchronous generators'arature reactive field kunye ne-rotor excitation field inokuqikelelwa njengoko zombini zisasazwa ngokomthetho we-sinusoidal. Umahluko wabo wesigaba sendawo uxhomekeke kwixesha lesigaba sokwahlukana phakathi kwe-electromotive force engekho-umthwalo we-E0 kunye ne-armature yangoku I. Ukongeza, intsimi yokuphendula i-armature nayo ihambelana neemeko zomthwalo. Xa umthwalo we-generator u-inductive, indawo yokusabela kwe-armature inempembelelo ye-demagnetizing, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni kwamandla ombane wejeneretha. Ngokwahlukileyo, xa umthwalo unamandla, intsimi ye-armature reaction inempembelelo yemagneti, eyandisa i-voltage yemveliso yejeneretha.

Layisha iimpawu zokusebenza:Ikakhulu ibhekisa kwiimpawu zangaphandle kunye neempawu zohlengahlengiso. Uphawu lwangaphandle luchaza ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-voltage ye-terminal ye-generator U kunye nomthwalo wangoku we-I, unikwe isantya esilinganiselwe rhoqo, i-excitation current, kunye nomthwalo wamandla omthwalo. Uphawu uhlengahlengiso ichaza ubudlelwane phakathi excitation yangoku Ukuba kunye nomthwalo wangoku I, unikwe isantya umlinganiselo rhoqo, i-terminal voltage, kunye nomthwalo amandla factor.

Umlinganiselo wokutshintsha kombane weejeneretha ze-synchronous malunga ne-20-40%. Imithwalo eqhelekileyo yemizi-mveliso neyendlu ifuna amandla ombane angaguqukiyo. Ngoko ke, i-excitation current kufuneka ilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo njengoko umthwalo wangoku ukhula. Nangona utshintsho lweempawu zolawulo luchasene nophawu lwangaphandle, luyanda kwimithwalo ye-inductive kunye ne-resistant ngokusulungekileyo, ngelixa iyancipha ngokubanzi kwimithwalo ye-capacitive.

UmGaqo wokuSebenza

Ijenereyitha yedizili

Injini yedizili iqhuba ijenereyitha, iguqula amandla asuka kumafutha edizili abe ngamandla ombane. Ngaphakathi kwi-cylinder ye-injini ye-diesel, umoya ococekileyo, ocociweyo ngesihluzo somoya, uxuba ngokucokisekileyo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-diesel ye-atomized fuel injected yi-injector fuel. Njengoko ipiston ihambela phezulu, icinezela umxube, umthamo wayo uyehla kwaye ubushushu bunyuke ngokukhawuleza de bufike kwindawo yokutshisa i-diesel. Oku kutshisa amafutha edizili, kubangela ukuba umxube uvuthe ngamandla. Ukwandiswa okukhawulezileyo kweegesi ngoko kunyanzela ipiston ukuba ihle, inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba 'ngumsebenzi'.

Ijenereyitha yepetroli

Injini yepetroli iqhuba ijenereyitha, iguqula amandla ekhemikhali epetroli abe ngamandla ombane. Ngaphakathi kwi-cylinder ye-injini yepetroli, umxube wamafutha kunye nomoya utsha ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela ekwandiseni ngokukhawuleza umthamo onyanzelela i-piston ezantsi, iqhuba umsebenzi.

Kuzo zombini i-diesel kunye ne-petroli generator, i-cylinder nganye isebenza ngokulandelelana ngendlela ethile. Amandla asetyenziswa kwipiston aguqulwa yintonga yokudibanisa ibe ngamandla ajikelezayo, aqhuba i-crankshaft. Ijenereyitha ye-AC ye-brushless, efakwe ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-crankshaft ye-injini yamandla, ivumela ukujikeleza kwe-injini ukuqhuba i-rotor ye-jenereyitha. Ngokusekwe kumgaqo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, ijenereyitha emva koko ivelise amandla e-electromotive, evelisa okwangoku ngesekethe yomthwalo ovaliweyo.